Skip to content

Black Folk Art in America, 1930-1980

Jane Livingston and John Beardsley, curators
Corcoran Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C., and tour, 1982-84

“One of the seminal exhibitions in the history of American art” —Lynne Cooke
“fiery, marvelous, and strong” —Robert Hughes, Time Magazine

“Black Folk Art in America” presented the work of 20 mostly elderly, rural, and Southern African American artists who had little formal education of any kind, especially in art. Instead, they relied on personal narratives, community and political history, religious convictions, and popular culture to generate their art, which often deployed unconventional, sometimes salvaged materials. The exhibition affirmed the existence of an important tradition in American art that was being ignored by major institutions—a vast body of accomplished, compelling contemporary art that came out of distinct cultural experiences, geographical contexts, and social circumstances. The exhibition was accompanied by a catalogue.

It traveled for over two years to institutions including the Speed Museum, Louisville; the Brooklyn Museum; The Craft and Folk Art Museum, Los Angeles; The Institute for The Arts, Rice University, Houston; The Detroit Institute of Art; the Birmingham Museum of Art; and the Field Museum, Chicago, where it was paired with an exhibition organized by Richard Powell, “African Insights: Sources for Afro-American Art and Culture.” 

It was greeted with nearly universal acclaim. In a March 1, 1982 Time Magazine review called “Finale for the Fantastical,” for instance, Robert Hughes characterized the work in the exhibition as “fiery, marvelous, and strong;” there were also positive reviews in The New York Times, The Washington Post, and The Los Angeles Times, among many other newspapers and magazines. Writing from a more academic perspective in a 1983 Winterthur Portfolio article titled “Black Art, Folk Art, and Social Control,” Eugene Metcalf criticized the exhibition for confusing the traditions of folk art with a more idiosyncratic and “gratuitous” creativity, and for perpetuating, however inadvertently, the hierarchies of fine and folk, Black and white.

The exhibition received perhaps its most nuanced evaluation in Paul Arnett’s introduction to Volume One of the epic publication Souls Grown Deep: African American Vernacular Art of the South (2000). More recently, it was the focus of a curatorial roundtable, “Black Folk Art Redux,” published in the catalogue of Lynne Cooke’s 2018 National Gallery of Art exhibition Outliers and American Vanguard Art, where it was characterized as “one of the seminal exhibitions in the history of American art.” 

Exhibition images

Corcoran Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C., 1982

Brooklyn Museum, July 04, 1982-September 12, 1982